Composite wall construction.



R. H. RoBINsoN.

COMPOSITE WALL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED LUV'. 18, 1907.

969,408. d Patented sept. 6,1910.

ROY HENRY ROBINSON, or cHIoAGoILLINoIsI COMPOSITE WALL CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent. i Patented: Sie-pt. 6, 1910.

Application filed November 18, 1907. Serial No. 402,638;

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, ROY HENRY ROBIN- sox,.a citizen of the United States, and a/ resident of the city of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented .certain new and useful Improvements iny Composite Wall Constructions, of which thej following is a specification. y

This invent-ion relates .to composite wall constructions and refers more specifically to a novel type of wall in which tile and concrete are combined with a metallic skeleton framework in such manner as to produce a wall at once rigid, durable and inexpensive and capable of being built rapidly and without the/ delays usually incident to building structures in part or in whole of concrete.

Amongthe salient objects ofthe invention are to provide a wall Which may be constructed without the use of preliminary forms to support and give form to the concrete while plastic; to provide a wall which while possessing perhaps as great strength and rigidity-as though made of solid concrete, is nevertheless less expensive, much lighter and of such cellular structure as to forni a much superior insulator of heat, cold and moisture; to provide a construction which may be built from foundation to roof without at any stage waiting for constituent parts of the wall to set to provide a construction in which each of the three chief constituent parts. viz. the concrete, thc tile and the metallic reinforci-mlents, mutually strengthen and reinforce each other; to provide a construction in which the tile members aie interposed between solid or substantially solid vertical piers or pilasters ofl concrete and are7 by the metallic skeletonV framework, practically suspended between the piers; to provide a construction which enables well known and approved types of metallic reinforcements to be used; to provide a. construction in which the skeleton frame forming a part thereof serves to accurately determine the positions of the tiles forming another part of the wall and in this way cnablesrthc major part of the work to be performed rapidly by unskilled labor and in general to provide a wall of characteristically new and improved construction.

The invention consists in the matter hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

lIn the drawings; Figure lis a horizontal '6, 6, and 6, 6.

sectional View of a preferred embodiment of between two tiers of tiles; Fig. 2` is an elevation `of a. portion of wall, 'parts being shown in central vertical section; Fig. 3 is a the invention, taken in the plane of the joint y traiisyerse sectional view taken on the indi- -i'ectline 3-3 of Fig. l and showing the ends of the tiles in elevation; Fig. 4 is a perspec-. tive view of the metal reinforcements; F ig'.

5 is a blocks.

, In constructing the wall of the invention, I provide a central inner wall or filling of concrete 1, reinforced at suitable intervals with integral concrete piers 2, which are of, a transverse width about equal tofthe maximum thickness of the wall and so project at both sides beyond the faces of the main concrete filling. Between the piers I interpose horizontal tiers of tiles 3, 4, made in such shapes and of such size as to form longitudinally-disposed sets which approximately fit and till the spaces between contiguous piers.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention, each tile block is of a width equal to the full thickness of the wall, is hollow and internally subdivided to form a central vertical main tubular passage 5' therethrough and separate, laterally outer passages, as The end walls 7 and 8 are desirably of such form that when the blocks are abutted together end to end, they interfit'and form in effect aI tial. or straight arch between the vertical metal reinforcement for the piers; each of the tiles-3 having a conperspective view of one of the tile cave and a convex end while the tiles`4 integral whole. Each central and wall portion, moreover, projects flange-fashion below thc main bottom of the tile as indicated at. 10 and into the correspondingly cut-away portion. at the upper side of the next' adjacent tile, thus serving to interlock the tiers together and facilitate the placing of them in exact superposed register.

Each set or tier of tiles is further united,

with the piers at each end thereof, supported, confined and reinforced generally by a corresponding horizontal metal reinforce- 'IoY proper is begun.

4the tiles positively in place independently of ment 11, which is preferably of that type known as a Kahn bar. These lbars each extend from center to center of the piers, about centrally of the concrete filling wall portion, and to accommodate them and interlock the several tile blocks therewith, each block is notched in its end walls, as indicated at 12 to receive the body of the bar. The bars 11 are provided with fins or arms 13 disposed obliquely and .oppositely from the central portion of each bar, so as to best reinforce the wall against settling stresses. It is to be noted that the ns of each bar rise above its own tier and into the next tier above, thus effectually tying or bonding the tiers toUether.

Ifhe several piers are each reinforced with metal frame or bonding. members 14, these being preferably I-beams, one in each side of the pier and arran ed with their webs transversely of the wa l, so as to most efiieiently increase its-rigidity. e

In building the wall, the I-beams are sealed and anchored at their lower ends on the foundation or footing before the wall arranged accurately in position and the Kahn-bars set in place and the plast-ic concrete then filled into the forms or molds so formed. lf desired a tier oftles may first be'arranged accurately in position and the I-beams next set up and supported in proper vertical positions. 1'

It is to be noted that as soon as the 1'.- beam reinforcements are set up in position for the piers, they serve to form definite guides and supports between which the tiles may be set and interlocked 'to form the arches hereinbefore referred to and the skeleton frame members thus serve to hold the subsequently filled in concrete.

It Will be noted that as the concrete is filled in it surrounds the I-beams to form the piers between the inset ends of adjacent sets of tiles, and at the same time effectually ties together the ends of the Kahn-bars within each pier, thus producing in effect a skeleton metallic frame united throughout the entire wall. So also the concrete as it fills the tubular spaces within the tile blocks flows through the openings of the end walls of the latter and bonds the wall together between the ends of each tile and at the saine time embeds an`d surrounds the Kahn-bar in such manner as to unite the tile blocks rigidly thereto and atthe same time set around the fins of the Kahn-bar holding the latter rigid in their several angular positions. When the next tier of tiles is set in place and the concrete lled in, 'the fins of the subjacent Kahn-bar rise into the lower portions ofthe tiles of this pier and upon the subsequent filling in of the concrete, the twotiers are thus positively bond- The tiers of tiles are then` vthe pie-rs, and

ed together by the fins and the latter cemented rigidly in the solid masses of concrete.

In accordance with well understood principles, the Kahn-bars with their fins thus most e'ectively reinforce the walls against settling between the several piers so that the tile construction is in Yeffect suspended between the piers. Owing to the pilaster form of the concrete portion of the wall,- that is owing to the fact that the piers are of substantially the full thickness of the wall, maximum rigidity against lateral stresses is secured with the use of a comparatively small amount of concrete thus at once making the wall relatively light and providing space for the external veneerings of cellular tile structure.

It will be seen from the foregoing that l accomplish the several objects of the invention hereinbefore set forth in a highly practical and efficient degree.

It will be understood that the invention is not, in its lbroader aspects, limited to the details herein shown.

I claim as my invention: v

1.- A composite wall, comprising a series of 4spaced-apart upright stud-like metallic reinforcements constituting pier-nuclei, located in the laterally outer portions of the piers of the completed wall, sets of preformed hollow blocks interposed betweenA said stud-like reinforcements, the end members of each set abutting against said reinforcements and held in position thereby, concrete filling between the adjacent ends of the sets of pre-formed blocks disposed around said' stud-like reinforcements and forming therewith continuous piers, and concrete filling occupying the interiors of the hollow concrete frame extending from pier to pier and monolithically joined with the piers.

2. A composite wall, comprising reinforced concretel piers arranged at intervals,

forcements embedded and extending vertically within its laterally outer portions, sets of hollow pre-formed blocks extending from pier to pier and at 'their ends semi-'embracing concrete filling the interior of said blocks forming an internal concrete wall frame extending from pierto pier and monolithically joined with the piers.

3. A composite wall, comprising a series'of spaced-apart upright stud-likeur, metallic reinforcements constituting pier -nuclei, located in the laterally outer portions of the piers of the completed wall, sets' of preformed hollow blocks interposed between said stud-like reinforcements, the end members of each set being concave, abutting against said stud-like reinforcements and defining the pier spaces, concrete filling between the adjacent ends of the sets of blocks,

pre-formed blocks and forming an internalv each pier having stud-like metallic rein izo disposed around said stud-like reinforcements and formingtherew1th `continuous piers, horizontal metallic reinforcements extending from pier to pier through 'the sets of riorsof the hollow pre-formed blocks andforming an internal concrete wall frame extending from pier to pier and monolithically joined with the piers.

4. A composite wall, comprising a series of spaced-apart upright stud-like metallic reinforcements constituting pier-nuclei, located in thelaterally outer portions of the piers of the completed wall, sets of preformed hollow blocks interposed between said stud-like reinforcements, the end members of each set being concave, abutting against said stud-like reinforcements and definin the pier spaces, concrete filling between t e adjacent ends of the sets of blocks, disposed around said stud-like reinforcements and forming therewith continuous piers, horizontal metallic reinforcements extending from pierto pier through the sets of hollow blocks at verticallyseparated intervals and .at their ends embedded in the piers, and the concrete lilling occupying the interiors of the hollow l.pre-formed blocks and forming an internal concrete wall frame extending from pier to pier and monolithically joined vwith the piers, said horizontal metallic reinforcements being provided'with obliquely disposed trussI extensions.

5. A composite wall, comprising a series of spaced-apart uplight stud-like metallicl reinforcements constituting pier-nuclei, sets of pre-formed hollow blocks interposed between said stud-likereinforcements, the end members of contiguous sets being concave and together defining the pier spaces ofthe l wall, and the several`blocks being of the full thickness of the wall so that their 'outer faces constitute the faces of the latter, concrete filling occupying the pier spaces between the adjacent ends of the sets of blocks and disposed around said stud-like reinforcements, and "concrete filling occupying the interiors of the hollow pre-formed blocks and forming an internal concrete frame extending from pier to pier and monolithically joined with the piers.

(i. A composite wall. comprising' a series of spaced-apart upright stud-like metallic reinforcements constituting pier-nuclei, sets of pre-formed hollow blocks interposed bctween said stud-like reinforcements. the end members of contiguous'scts being concave and together definingthe pier spaces of thc wall` and the several blocks boing of the full thickness of the wall so that their outer faces constitute the faces of the latter, and each having a cellular laterallyY outer porspaces in the adjacent ends of the sets of blocks and disposed around said stud-like reinforcements, and concrete filling occupying the interiors of the hollow pre-formed blocks and forming an internal concrete frame extending from pier to pier and monolithically joined withthe piers.

7. A complete wall, comprising a series of spaced-apart upright stud-like metallic reinforcements constituting pier-nuclei, sets of pre-formed hollow blocks interposed loetween said stud-like reinforcements, the. end

members of contiguous sets being concave and together. defining the pier spaces of the'v wall, and the several bloclrsbeing of the full thickness of the wall so that their outer faces constitute the faces of the latter, and

each having acellular laterally outer portion, concrete filling occupying the pier spaces in the adjacent ends of the sets .of blocks and disposed around said stud-like reinforcements, and horizontal metallic re-.

-vided with connnunicating vertical tubularl passages and communicating transverse passages, fillings of concrete between the contiguous ends of the sets of tile blocks incasing the stud-like reinforcements and forming continuous piers. and fillings of concrete occupying the interiors of said blocks and monolithically joined throughout the wall and with the piers.

9. A composite wall, comprising concrete ico piers arranged at intervals apart. each of a transverse width equal to the maximum thickness of the wall and providedV in its laterallj7 outer portions with upright, metallic reinforcements. hollowv pre-formed blocks interposed in sets betweenl said p-ier, and a monolithic concrete filling occupying the interiorsl of the blocks and monolithically joined to the piers.

'10. A composite vall, comprising concrete piers arranged at intervals apart. each of a transverse width equal to thc maximum thickness of the wall and provided inits laterally outer portions with upright metallic reuiforccments. hollow preformed lblocks interposed in sets between said picr.

horizontal bcam-likc metallic reinforcements cxtcndmg from pier to pier through tion, concrete filling occupyingv the picr'i thc hollow blocks at vertically separated intervals and at their ends bonded into said piers, and a monolithic fillingI of concrete occupying the interiors of the blocks, enibedding said horizontal reinforcements and monolithieally joined with the piers..

ll. A composite Wall, comprising a series of spacedapart upright metallic Studs constituting pier-nuclei, located in the laterally outer portions of the piers of the completed wall. other metallic reinforcements extending from pier to pier and held in position against lateral displacement by engagementwith said studs, Sets of hollow pre-formed blockaI interposed between said metallicI studs, the end members of which sets engage the studs and the intermediate niembers of which engage the metallic reinforcements extending between the studs, whereby their positionsare determined and they are initially held against displacement, concrete tilling occupying the spaces between the adjacent' ends of sets of blocks, surrounding said studs and forming piers', and concrete filling occupying the hollow' blocks, Surrounding the metallic reinforcements eX- tending through the latteijand monolithically joined throughout the wall and lto the l piers.

l2. A com )oslte wall coni nieuw coni .A a

crete piers, the late *ally outer portions of which are of converging torni in cross-Secn tion, tile blocks interposed between piers and interlocked with each other, Said tile blocks being each ot the Jr'ull thickness of the Wall and maximum thicknees'o't` the piers and arranged to overlie and substantially inclose the lateral sides of Said piers so as to constitute a complete facing for each side of the wall. a monolithic tillinr of concrete occupying the central hollow interiors of the tiles and united both lvertically and laterally through Suitable communicating openings of the tiles, vertical metallic reinforcements in the laterally outer portions of each of the Several piers and transverse metallic reinforcements extending through the tile blocks from pier to pier and embedded in the concrete filling ot' the latter, said transverse metallic reinforcements being provided 'with outstanding fins or reinforcing armffat longitudinally separated intervals extending into an adjacent tier of tiles.

BGE? HENRY ROBINSON.

lWitnesses .Ammer ll. (lluvias, Lois Foncia.

said 

